古背鳕(Palaeoniscinotus)在我国初次发现

记述了在宁夏六盘山盆地侏罗系中发现的古背鳕（Palaeoniscinotus）一新种─—宁夏古背鳕（P.ningxiaensis）。其一般形态特征如体形、鳍的位置和结构、悬挂骨的倾斜程度、鳃盖骨系统及鳞片等结构,与俄罗斯伊尔库茨克中侏罗世的切卡诺夫斯基氏古背鳕（P．czekanowskii）很相似,但新种的背鳍和臀鳍的鳍条均较少、鳞片条纹倾斜分布以及侧线鳞较少等特征显然有别于后者。最后讨论了这个属的系统位置和含鱼化石地层的时代,认为属中侏罗世的可能性较大。     

塔里木盆地三叠─侏罗纪介形类化石

描述的介形类化石标本采集于新疆塔里木盆地库车和喀什两地区,其中,齐古组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｔｉｍｉｒｉａｓｅｖｉａ组合,恰克马克组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ为代表的介形类化石组合,其时代前者为晚侏罗世,后者为中侏罗世;俄霍布拉克组和克拉玛依组产以Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｍｐｒｉｓ－ＴｕｎｇｃｈｕａｎｉａＤａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ为代表的组合,其时代为早－中三叠世。     

Hydrologic,vegetation, and substrate characteristics of floating marshes in sediment-rich wetlands of the Mississippi river delta plain,Louisiana, USA

Floating marshes occur over 70% of the western Terrebonne Basin, Louisiana, USA, freshwater coastal wetlands. They are of several types: A free-floating thick-mat (45–60 cm) marsh dominated by Panicum hemitomon and Sagittaria lancifolia; a thick mat marsh dominated by Panicum hemitomon and Sagittaria lancifolia that floats part of the year, but whose vertical floating range is damped compared to adjacent water; and an irregularly-floating thin mat (< 30 cm) dominated by Eleocharis spp. in the spring and Ludwigia leptocarpa and Bidens laevis in the summer and fall. Floating mats must be almost entirely organic in order to be buoyant enough to float. The western Terrebonne wetlands receive large winter/spring supplies of suspended sediments from the Atchafalaya River. Even though sediment concentrations in the adjacent bayou are as high as 100 mg l^–1, the Panicum hemitomon/Sagittaria lancifolia free-floating marsh probably receives no over-surface sediments since it floats continuously. The bulk density data of the damped-floating marsh, however, suggest some mineral sediment input, probably during winter when this marsh is submerged. These two types of floating marsh could not have developed in the present sediment regime of the Atchafalaya River, but as long as they remain floating can continue to exist. Thin floating mats are found in areas receiving the least sediment (<20 mg 1^–1 suspended sediment concentration in adjacent bayous). This low sediment environment probably made possible their formation within the past 20 years. They may represent a transitional stage in mat succession from (1) existing thick-mat floating marsh to a degrading floating marsh, or (2) a floating marsh developing in shallow open water.Corresponding editor: D. Whigham     

松辽盆地南部梨树断陷登楼库组孢粉组合

本文系统地研究了松辽盆地南部梨树断陷登楼库组孢子花粉化石,计３９属６０种,描述１０属１６种,根据孢粉组合特征及对包括被子植物花粉在内的主要孢粉类型地质地理分布的分析,认为登楼库组时代应为早白垩世Ａｌｂｉａｎ期,这一孢粉组合的研究,对于登楼库组地质时代的地一步确定及我国东北地区白垩纪孢粉组合序列的建立、完善与地层划分对比有较重要意义。     

准噶尔盆地荒漠生物类群与环境的关系

对荒漠生态系统的研究,近期在我国乃至全球均极为活跃。由于开发的需要和全球沙漠化威胁日趋严重,引起有关人士的关注。就新疆而言,解放前虽有一些学者进行过研究,但仅限于某些方面,直到50年代后期展开大规模综合考察以来,对新疆的荒漠自然条件才有较全面认识。作者近年的研究过程,注意到此区生物类群与环境存在较特殊关系,     

Sphagna of the 1979 Projeto Flora Amazônica expedition

Within the great expanse of the Brazilian Amazon Basin,Sphagnum has been greatly overlooked, in part because of its scarcity and in part because of the paucity of trained bryological collectors in the area. During a Projeto Flora Amazônica expedition in 1979, seven specimens ofSphagnum were collected, representing six species, five of which are newly described:S. amazonicum, S. dimorphophyllum, andS. subsecundoides in sectionSphagnum;S. curicuriariense andS. ripense in sect.Subsecunda. Also discussed areS. negrense Mitt. andS. sanguinale Warnst.     

Brachiopod community paleoecology, paleobiogeography, and depositional topography of the Devonian Onondaga Limestone and correlative strata in eastern North America

The Emsian? through early Eifelian Onondaga Limestone of the Appalachian Basin was deposited in a topographic basin and on the carbonate platform which surrounded the basin on the west, north, and northeast. Onondaga strata thin from the platform into the basin. Two sedimentary cycles are present in the sub-Tioga Onondaga of eastern North America. The Edgecliff-Amherstburg represents an interval of transgression, in which epeiric seas spread over much of eastern North America. During the Nedrow-Lucas regression, the interior of the carbonate platform became restricted, resulting in the deposition of evaporites. The Moorehouse-Anderdon transgression continued through the deposition of the Tioga Bentonite, followed by the pre-Speeds-Dundee regression from the craton. Early Eifelian Appalachian Basin Onondaga brachiopod communities, arranged from nearshore to offshore, include the Atrypid-Megakozlowskiella, Atrypid-Levenea, Chonetid, Atlanticocoelia, Ambocoeliid, and Truncalosia Communities. The Onondaga-age Eastern Americas Realm is divided into the Appohimchi Province in the Appalachian Basin and the Michigan Basin-Hudson Bay Lowland Province in the Midwest. The provincial assignment of the James Bay region of Ontario is uncertain; the Eastern Townships of Quebec are near the boundaries both of the two provinces of the Eastern Americas Realm, and of the Eastern Americas Realm and the Old World Realm, the latter realm being probably in the Canadian Maritime Provinces.     

Réflexions critiques sur l'écologieet la systématique des Lingules actuelles et fossiles

New topics on ecology and systematics of recent and fossil Lingulids lead to an obvious revision of our knowledges on this zoological group. At first, the recent species need systematics and taxonomy on the bases of new described specific criteria (as, morphology of deltidial areas, muscle disposition); the results are briefly indicated. But, in fossil species, disorder and disparity of used characteristics are emphasized.The general conceiving on ecology of Lingulids are reviewed and discussed, especially on bathymetry and salinity; sediment and oxygenation conditions; taphocoenosis and lingulid «communities. On recent species, all these points are also studied, especially some ecological requirements (salinity, bathymetry, grain size), and mechanism of burrowing ability, burrow living positions in the sediments, as shell preservations after death and fossilization, to facilitate the paleobiotope interpretations. Recent animals are euryhalin, surviving at salinities from about 13 to 42‰; they could be considered as well adapted to waters with strong salinity fluctuations. They show preference to fine sand bottoms (lowest particle size about 40–60 μm). Their bathymetric distribution occurs between 0 and about 500 m (Lingula especially between 5–50 m; Glottidia 15–70 m). The isotherms 8–10°C seem to restrict their geographical and bathymetric distribution.Therefore, some post-palaeozoic lingulid bedsare studied or redescribed on the bases of the above discussed characteristics, and new interpretations on the environmental situation are given (Trias of Vosges Mountains; Oligocene from Japan; Eocene of London Basin). More caution must be used in study of fossil Lingulids that are not especially animals living in infralittoral bottoms with low salinity and deficient oxygenation, as generally accepted.     

Palaeoecological evolution of Duckmantian wetlands in the Ruhr Basin (western Germany): A palynological and coal petrographical analysis

For this study, six seam sequences of Duckmantian age from the Ruhr Basin, western Germany, were analysed. 155 samples from drill cores were examined, including coal samples, as well as organic-rich and clastic sedimentary rocks. All samples were analysed using palynological and coal petrographical techniques. Based on published information of in situ miospores the encountered dispersed miospores were assigned to their parent plants in order to reconstruct the vegetation history. Six vegetational associations were identified using Detrended Correspondence Analyses (DCA): lepidocarpacean association I, lepidocarpacean association II, lepidocarpacean-sigillarian association, lepidocarpacean-sphenophyll association, lepidocarpacean-fern association, and the subarborescent lycopsid association.Lycospora is the most important constituent in the miospore association as in 75% of all samples the genus is represented with more than 50% relative abundance. Lepidocarpaceans such as Lepidophloios and Lepidodendron are very common among the plant fossils. Hence, arborescent lycopsids dominated the vegetation of the Ruhr Basin during the mid and late Duckmantian, forming flood plains and planar forest mires. Variations in the plant environment are reflected by greater influence of sigillarians, which were typical for swamp margins or for domed swamps, characterized by stunted vegetation. Fern-dominated environments were rare during the Duckmantian.A typical rhythmic succession shows an evolution from clastic flood plains through peat substrate planar mires, followed by a doming of the swamps and formation of ombrogenous mires. Floodplains reappeared during periods of subsidence, accompanied by a rise in water level.     

川西盆周丘陵地区油菜作物生态效应的初步探讨

名山县位于东经103°08′,北纬30°06′,是四川省商品粮油基地县之一,属川西盆周丘陵地区。年平均气温15.5℃,日照1052.0小时,降雨量1519.9mm,一年两熟,能满足油菜全生育期的需要。全县油菜发展较快,1989年较1983年种植面积扩大了33.91%,达到6000ha;总产增加30.35%,达到5958.1t。